Metabolic remodeling maintains a reducing environment for rapid activation of the yeast DNA replication checkpoint

EMBO J. 2022 Feb 15;41(4):e108290. doi: 10.15252/embj.2021108290. Epub 2022 Jan 14.

Abstract

Nucleotide metabolism fuels normal DNA replication and is also primarily targeted by the DNA replication checkpoint when replication stalls. To reveal a comprehensive interconnection between genome maintenance and metabolism, we analyzed the metabolomic changes upon replication stress in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. We found that upon treatment of cells with hydroxyurea, glucose is rapidly diverted to the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This effect is mediated by the AMP-dependent kinase, SNF1, which phosphorylates the transcription factor Mig1, thereby relieving repression of the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP. Surprisingly, NADPH produced by the PPP is required for efficient recruitment of replication protein A (RPA) to single-stranded DNA, providing the signal for the activation of the Mec1/ATR-Rad53/CHK1 checkpoint signaling kinase cascade. Thus, SNF1, best known as a central energy controller, determines a fast mode of replication checkpoint activation through a redox mechanism. These findings establish that SNF1 provides a hub with direct links to cellular metabolism, redox, and surveillance of DNA replication in eukaryotes.

Keywords: DNA replication stress; carbon metabolism; cell cycle checkpoints; genome stability; reductive/oxidative (redox).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
  • Checkpoint Kinase 2 / genetics
  • Checkpoint Kinase 2 / metabolism
  • DNA Replication* / drug effects
  • DNA, Single-Stranded / metabolism
  • Glucose / genetics
  • Glucose / metabolism
  • Glycolysis / physiology
  • Hydroxyurea
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
  • NADP / metabolism
  • Pentose Phosphate Pathway
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism*
  • Replication Protein A / genetics
  • Replication Protein A / metabolism
  • Repressor Proteins / genetics
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / drug effects
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • CYC8 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • DNA, Single-Stranded
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • MIG1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Replication Protein A
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • NADP
  • SNF1-related protein kinases
  • Checkpoint Kinase 2
  • MEC1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • RAD53 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Glucose
  • Hydroxyurea